Spinal Surgery in Patients with Type-1 Neurofibromatosis: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Type-1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is a neurocutaneous syndrome classically known as peripheral NF to distinguish it from type-2 (central NF). Its main characteristic the high predisposition growth of multiple tumors, which specially arouses interest spinal surgeons due presence cord compression and deformities. Considering this, we have performed comprehensive review, with illustrative cases manifestations NF1, focusing on perspective spine surgeon. Articles were grouped according following subjects: diagnosis, skeletal complications, deformity, tumors. For all them, detailed discussion pearls for practice was presented. The diagnosis NF1 based at least two out seven criteria. Cutaneous findings are very common in most usual tumor cutaneous neurofibroma (NFB). Plexiform neurofibromas also found present risk becoming malignant nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), reducing life expectancy. Astrocytomas, especially pilocytic astrocytomas, central nervous system tumor, including cord. Surgery necessary resect much possible without adding new neurological deficits. Spinal deformities commonly (in 30–70% cases), potentially associated dystrophic changes, may result acute rapid progression. In discuss specific characteristics this group patients paramount importance properly manage challenging disease.